ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the fluctuations in arterial leukocyte phospholipase D (PLD) activity during the perioperative period of open heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and the relationship between PLD activity and systemic inflammatory response induced by CPB.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Arterial blood was obtained from 26 patients undergoing open heart surgery at 8 different time points during the perioperative period, from which leukocytes were isolated for determination of PLD activity, CD11b expression and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Plasma IL-6, IL-8 and C-reactive protein were also determined. The 26 cases were retrospectively divided into 3 groups according to perfusion time in order to detect the possible influences of CPB on PLD activity and IL-6 and IL-8 levels.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>When the ascending aorta was declamped, average arterial leukocyte PLD activity was 0.305 +/- 0.132 nmol choline.min(-1).mg(-1), 5.0 times higher of the pre-CPB value, and remained (5.4 times higher of the pre-CPB level) at 72 hours after CPB. Leukocyte CD11b expression and plasma IL-6 and IL-8 levels increased significantly at the end of CPB, while MPO activity and C-reactive protein concentration reached their peaks at 1 and 24 hours, respectively, after CPB. At the end of CPB, the arterial leukocyte PLD activity of patients whose CPB duration was longer than 90 minutes were 1.82- and 1.74-fold that of the other two groups with CPB lasting between 90 and 60 minutes and less than 60 minutes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Arterial leukocyte PLD activity rises significantly in CPB and its elevation is earlier and more persistent than other inflammation-related indicators tested; longer CPB duration leads to higher leukocyte PLD activity at the end of CPB. These results imply that PLD could be a new target for prevention of systemic inflammatory response induced by CPB.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cardiopulmonary Bypass , Interleukin-6 , Blood , Interleukin-8 , Blood , Leukocytes , Phospholipase D , Blood , Systemic Inflammatory Response SyndromeABSTRACT
?-caryophyllene was one of the effective antiasthmatic principles of essential oil of Artemisia argyi, by way of structural modification to form ?-caryophyllene alcohol. P-caryophyllene alcohol could protect acetylcholine and histamine-induced asthma in guinea pig, and the effect was longer than 4h. It had relaxant effect on isolated guinea pig tra.cheal smooth muscle prepareations, and the pD2 values was 4.36 + 0.37. The drug not only significantly inhibited antigen induced release of SRS-A in the lung fragments of sensitized guinea pig( ID50 23mg/L ), but also inhibited SRS-A induced contraction of the guinea pig ileum(ID50 18mg/L). In addition, P-caryophyllene alcohol had antitussive and expectora'at actions. These results show that p-caryophyllene alcohol is a new antiathmatic drug.
ABSTRACT
a-Terpineol as an another antiasthmatic principle of essential oil of Artemisia argyi was studied. It had relaxant effect on isolated guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle preparations, the effective threshold concentrations being between 2. l-4.2x10-5 g/ml, and the EC50 being 0.71-1.15x10-4g/ml. It could protect guinea pigs from the acetylcholine and histamine-induced asthma when given orally or aer-osolly. The level of cAMP in the tracheal smooth muscle of guinea pigs was elevated in the presence of l0-4g/ml a- terpineol. The drug could block the development of desensitization to isoproterenol on isolated guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle preparations, and its relaxant effect did not be- influenced on the desensitized preparations also. In addition, a-terpineol had the Inhibitory effect of anaphylactic mediators release antagonistic effect of the mediators, antitussive and expectorant effect, and the inhibitory effect on isolated ed guinea pig atria. The toxiicological studies showed that it had good safety margin. ( + ) - a-Terpineol amd (-) a -terpineol had similarquality and potency of actions.